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ego level

  • 1 ego level

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > ego level

  • 2 ego level

    уровень эго, уровень развития эго, уровень развития "я" (личности)

    Англо-русский словарь по психоаналитике > ego level

  • 3 уровень Я

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > уровень Я

  • 4 уровень развития я

    Psychoanalysis: ego level

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > уровень развития я

  • 5 уровень развития личности

    Psychoanalysis: ego level

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > уровень развития личности

  • 6 уровень развития эго

    Psychology: ego level

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > уровень развития эго

  • 7 уровень эго

    Psychology: ego level

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > уровень эго

  • 8 уровень развития личности

    = "Я" ego level

    Russian-english psychology dictionary > уровень развития личности

  • 9 aecus

    aequus ( aecus, Pac. 32 Rib.; Lucr. 5, 1023 Lachm. and Munro; AIQVOS, S. C. de Bacch. 1. 26), a, um, adj. [formerly referred to EIKÔ, eoika, but Pott connects it with Sanscr. ēka = one, as if properly, one and uniform; others consider it as akin to aemulor, q. v.].
    I.
    A.. Of place, that extends or lies in a horizontal direction, plain, even, level, flat (esp. freq. in the strategic descriptions of the histt.;

    syn.: planus, aequalis, aequabilis, par, similis, justus): locus ad libellam aequus,

    level, Varr. R. R. 1, 6 fin.:

    aequus et planus locus,

    Cic. Caec. 17 fin.:

    in aequum locum se demittere,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 28: legio, quae paulo aequiore loco constiterat, id. ib. 7, 51:

    in aequum locum deducere,

    Sall. J. 42 (cf. in Gr. eis to isoW katabainein, Xen. Anab. 4, 6, 18).— Trop.:

    sive loquitur ex inferiore loco sive aequo sive ex superiore,

    i. e. before the judges, sitting on raised seats, or in the Senate, or in the assembly of the people from the rostra, Cic. de Or. 3, 6, 23:

    meos multos et ex superiore et ex aequo loco sermones habitos cum tuā summā laude,

    from the tribune, and on private matters, id. Fam. 3, 8.—In the histt., sometimes subst.: aequum, i, n., with a gen., level ground, a plain:

    facilem in aequo campi victoriam fore,

    Liv. 5, 38:

    ut primum agmen aequo, ceteri per acclive jugum insurgerent,

    Tac. Agr. 35:

    in aequum digredi,

    id. ib. 18:

    in aequo obstare,

    id. ib. 36; id. H. 4, 23.—Also, an eminence, if it rises without inequalities:

    dum Romanae cohortes in aequum eniterentur,

    up the slope, Tac. A. 2, 80.—As a level place is more favorable for military operations than an uneven one, aequus has the signif.,
    B.
    Favorable, convenient, advantageous (as its opp., iniquus, uneven, has that of unfavorable, etc.).
    1.
    Of place:

    locum se aequum ad dimicandum dedisse,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 73:

    etsi non aequum locum videbat suis,

    Nep. Milt. 5, 4:

    non hic silvas nec paludes, sed aequis locis aequos deos,

    Tac. A. 1, 68. —
    2.
    Of time: judicium aequiore tempore fieri oportere, more propitious, Cic. Corn. Fragm. ap. Ascon. p. 72:

    et tempore et loco aequo,

    Liv. 26, 3:

    tempore aequo,

    Suet. Caes. 35.—
    3.
    In gen., of persons or things (freq. and class.), favorable, kind, friendly, benevolent, etc.; constr. absol. with dat., or in and acc. (in poets in with abl.).
    (α).
    Absol.:

    consequeris, ut eos ipsos, quos contra statuas, aequos placatosque dimittas,

    Cic. Or. 10, 34:

    nobilitate inimica, non aequo senatu,

    id. Q. Fr. 2, 3 med.:

    meis aequissimis utuntur auribus,

    id. Fam. 7, 33:

    oculis aspicere aequis,

    Verg. A. 4, 372:

    O dominum aequum et bonum,

    Suet. Aug. 53:

    boni et aequi et faciles domini,

    id. Tib. 29.—
    (β).
    With dat.:

    aequa Venus Teucris, Pallas iniqua fuit,

    Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 6; id. A. A. 2, 310.—
    (γ).
    With in and acc.:

    quis hoc statuit, quod aequum sit in Quintium, id iniquum esse in Maevium,

    Cic. Quint. 14.—
    (δ).
    With in and abl.:

    victor erat quamvis, aequus in hoste fuit,

    Prop. 4, 18, 28.—Hence,
    4.
    aequus, i, m. subst., a friend:

    ego ut me tibi amicissimum esse et aequi et iniqui intellegant, curabo,

    both friends and enemies, Cic. Fam. 3, 6 fin.:

    aequis iniquisque persuasum erat,

    Liv. 5, 45.
    II.
    That is equal to another in any quality, equal, like; and of things divided into two equal parts, a half:

    aequo censu censeri,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 92:

    partīs,

    Lucr. 3, 125; so Aur. Vict. Orig. 19, 1; and Vulg. 1 Reg. 30, 24:

    aequa erit mensura sagorum,

    ib. Exod. 26, 8:

    pondera,

    ib. Lev. 19, 36:

    portio,

    ib. 2 Mach. 8, 30:

    aequa dementia,

    Lucr. 1, 705 al.:

    aequā manu discedere,

    to come off with equal advantage, Sall. C. 39; so,

    aequo Marte pugnare,

    with equal success, Liv. 2, 6; Curt. 4, 15, 29; Flor. 4, 2, 48 al.:

    urbs erat in summo nubibus aequa jugo,

    Ov. P. 4, 7, 24:

    aequum vulnus utrique tulit,

    id. M. 9, 719 (cf. id. ib. 7, 803:

    aequales urebant pectora flammae): sequiturque patrem non passibus aequis,

    Verg. A. 2, 724:

    pars aequa mundi,

    Plin. 2, 19, 17, § 81:

    utinam esset mihi pars aequa amoris tecum, i. e. aeque vicissim amaremus,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 12:

    non tertiam portionem, verum aequam,

    Plin. 3, 1, 1, § 5 al. —Hence the adverbial phrases,
    1.
    Ex aequo, in like manner, in an equal degree, equally ( = ex isou, Hdt., Dem.), Lucr. 1, 854:

    dixit et ex aequo donis formaque probata, etc.,

    Ov. H. 16, 87; 20, 123; id. Am. 1, 10, 33; id. A. A. 2, 682; id. M. 3, 145; 4, 62; Liv. 36, 37:

    adversarum rerum ex aequo socii sunt (Fosi Cheruscis), cum in secundis minores fuissent,

    Tac. G. 36 fin. —
    2.
    In aequo esse or stare, to be equal:

    qui cogit mori nolentem, in aequo est, quique properantem impedit,

    Sen. Phoen. 98:

    ut naturam oderint, quod infra deos sumus, quod non in aequo illis stetimus,

    id. Ben. 2, 29: in aequo ponere aliquem alicui, to make equal, to put on an equality, to compare:

    in aequo eum (Philopoemenem) summis imperatoribus posuerunt,

    Liv. 39, 50 fin. —
    B.
    Morally.
    1.
    Of persons, fair, equitable, impartial in conduct toward others (diff. from justus, just; v. aequitas, II.); constr. absol., with dat.; more rarely with gen.:

    praetor aequus et sapiens,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 65; 2, 5, 59:

    aequissimus aestimator et judex,

    id. Fin. 3, 2:

    praebere se aequum alicui,

    id. Fam. 2, 1:

    absentium aequi, praesentibus mobiles,

    benevolent toward, Tac. A. 6, 36.—
    2.
    Of things, fair, right, equitable, reasonable: ITA. SENATVS. AIQVOM. CENSVIT., S. C. de Bach. 1. 26: et aecum et rectum est, Pac. ap. Non. 261, 13 (Trag. Rel. p. 81 Rib.):

    aequa et honesta postulatio,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 2:

    quod justum est et aequum, servis praestate,

    just and fair, Vulg. Col. 4, 1:

    postulo primum id, quod aequissimum est, ut, etc.,

    Cic. Clu. 2:

    aequa lex et omnibus utilis,

    id. Balb. 27:

    aequissimis legibus monere,

    Aur. Vict. Caes. 9, 5:

    aequae conditiones,

    Vell. 2, 25; see Fischer, Gr. II. 611.—Hence,
    3.
    ae-quum, i, n. subst., what is fair, equitable, or just; fairness, equity, or justice, etc.: jus atque aequum, Enn. ap. Non. p. 399, 10 (Trag. v. 224 Vahl.):

    utilitas justi prope mater et aequi,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 98:

    aequi studium,

    Aur. Vict. Caes. 24, 6.—Often with comparatives, more than is right, proper, reasonable:

    lamentari amplius aequo,

    Lucr. 3, 966:

    injurias gravius aequo habere,

    to feel too deeply, Sall. C. 50:

    potus largius aequo,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 215.—Hence, aequum est, it is reasonable, proper, right, etc.; constr. with acc. and inf., in good prose also with dat. pers. and ut, Rudd. II. p. 235, n. 21: nos quiescere aequom est, Enn. ap. Diom. p. 382 P. (Trag. v. 199 Vahl.):

    quae liberum scire aequom est adulescentem,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 25:

    significant Imbecillorum esse aecum misererier omnīs,

    Lucr. 5, 1023:

    non est aequum nos derelinquere verbum Dei,

    Vulg. Act. 6, 2:

    aequius est mori quam auctoritatem imperii foedare,

    Aur. Vict. Epit. 12, 7:

    ut peritis? Ut piscatorem aequomst (sc. perire), fame sitique speque,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 2, 7; so,

    sicut aequum est homini de potestate deorum timide et pauca dicamus,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 16, 47.—In Plaut., with abl.:

    plus vidissem quam med atque illo aequom foret,

    would be becoming in me and him, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 84; id. Rud. prol. 47.—
    4.
    Aequum as subst. very freq. with bonum = aequitas, equitable conduct toward others, fairness, equity, etc.:

    neque quidquam queo aequi bonique ab eo impetrare,

    what is right and just, Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 65:

    cum de jure civili, cum de aequo et bono disputaretur,

    Cic. Brut. 38:

    ex aequo et bono, non ex callido versutoque jure rem judicari oportere,

    id. Caecin. 23:

    fit reus magis ex aequo bonoque quam ex jure gentium,

    in accordance with justice and equity, Sall. J. 35.— Also without et:

    illi dolum malum, illi fidem bonam, illi aequum bonum tradiderunt,

    Cic. Top. 17.—So also, aequius melius, according to greater equily, Cic. Off. 3, 15; id. Top. 17.—
    C.
    Of a state of mind, even, unruffled, calm, composed, tranquil, patient, enduring (cf. aequitas, II. B.);

    esp. freq. with animus or mens: animus aequos optumum est aerumnae condimentum,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 71:

    concedo et quod animus aequus est et quia necesse est,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 50:

    quodadest memento Componere aequus,

    Hor. C. 3, 29, 32:

    tentantem majora, fere praesentibus aequum,

    id. Ep. 1, 17, 24;

    and so, aequam memento rebus in arduis Servare mentem, etc.,

    id. C. 2, 3, 1.—Esp. freq. in the adv. abl.: aequo (aequiore, aequissimo) animo, with even mind, with equanimity, patiently, calmly, quietly, with forbearance: ego, nisi Bibulus adniteretur de triumpho, aequo animo essem, nunc vero aischron siôpan, Cic. Att. 6, 8:

    carere aequo animo aliquā re,

    id. Brut. 6:

    ferre aliquid,

    Nep. Dion. 6, 7; Aur. Vict. Orig. 6, 3:

    accipere,

    Sall. C. 3, 2:

    tolerare,

    id. J. 31:

    quo aequiore animo Germanicus celerem successionem operiretur,

    Suet. Tib. 25:

    testem se in judiciis interrogari aequissimo animo patiebatur,

    id. Aug. 56.—In eccl. Lat. = bono animo:

    aequo animo esto,

    be of good cheer, Vulg. 3 Reg. 21, 7:

    aequo animo (aliquis) est? Psallat,

    ib. Jacob. 5, 13.—Hence: aequi bonique facere aliquid, to regard as fair and reasonable (prop., a gen. of value, Roby, § 1191), to put up with, be content with, submit to, acquiesce in, etc.:

    istuc aequi bonique facio,

    Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 40: tranquillissimus animus meus totum istuc aequi boni [p. 59] facit, Cic. Att. 7, 7; Liv. 34, 22 fin.:

    aequi istuc faciam,

    it will be all the same to me, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 189.—So also:

    aequi bonique dicere,

    to propose any thing reasonable, Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 32.—Hence, aequē, adv., in like manner, equally, just as = ex aequo, pariter, Gr. isôs, omoiôs (indicating the entire equality of two objects compared, while similiter denotes only likeness):

    eā (benevolentiā) non pariter omnes egemus... honore et gloriā fortasse non aeque omnes egent,

    Cic. Off. 2, 8, 30:

    non possum ego non aut proxime atque ille aut etiam aeque laborare,

    id. Fam. 9, 13, 2:

    universa aeque eveniunt justo et impio,

    Vulg. Eccl. 9, 2.
    1.
    In the comic poets with cum or the comp. abl. (cf. adaeque); in Cic. and good class. authors gen. with et, atque, ac, ac si; less class. with quam, ut, quam ut; in Petr. with tamquam.
    (α).
    Aeque—cum:

    animum advorte, ut aeque mecum haec scias,

    Plaut. As. 2, 2, 66, id. Poen. prol. 47: novi aeque omnia tecum, Ter Phorm. 5, 9, 43. But in Plaut. As. 4, 1, 26, tecum una postea aeque pocla potitet, una belongs with tecum to potitet, and aeque is put absol. (sc. ut tu).—
    (β).
    Aeque with comp. abl.:

    nullus est hoc meticulosus aeque,

    as this person, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 137:

    qui me in terrā aeque fortunatus erit,

    id. Curc. 1, 2, 51.—
    (γ).
    Aeque—et or aeque— que (as in Gr. ison kai, isa kai, Soph. Oed. Tyr. 611;

    Thuc. 3, 14). nisi aeque amicos et nosmet ipsos diligamus,

    equally as ourselves, Cic. Fin. 1, 20, 67. versūs aeque prima et media et extrema pars attenditur, id. de Or. 3, 50, 192; id. Rosc. Com. 1, 2; so id. Mur. 13, 28; id. Clu. 69, 195, id. Tusc. 2, 26, 62 al.:

    quod Aeque neglectum pueris senibusque nocebit,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 26.—
    (δ).
    Aeque—atque, —ac, —ac si, as... as; as much as, as: vide ne, quem tu esse hebetem deputes aeque ac pecus, is, etc., Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 45: pumex non aeque aridus atque hic est senex, Plaut Aul. 2, 4, 18; Ter. Phorm 1, 2, 43; Varr. R. R. 3, 8, 2:

    nisi haberes, qui illis aeque ac tu ipse gauderet,

    Cic. Lael. 6, 22:

    sed me colit et observat aeque atque patronum suum,

    id. Fam. 13, 69; 2, 2; so id. Brut. 71, 248; id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116; Cels. 6, 15; Tac. H. 4, 5; Suet. Caes. 12 al.: aeque ac si. with the subj., just as if. altogether as if:

    Egnatii absentis rem ut tueare, aeque a te peto ac si mea negotia essent,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 43, 3; Auct Her 2, 13, 19: quo factum est, ut jumenta aeque nitida ex castellis educeret ac si in campestribus ea locis habuisset, Nep Eum. 5. 6; Liv. 10, 7, 4; 44, 22, 5 al.—
    (ε).
    Aeque— quam (only in Plaut. and prose writers from the Aug. per.;

    neither in Cic. nor in Cæs.),

    as... as, in the same manner as, as well... as, like, Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 55;

    nullum esse agrum aeque feracem quam hic est,

    id. Epid. 2, 3, 1:

    nihil aeque eos terruit quam robur et color imperatoris,

    Liv. 28, 26, 14, 5, 6, 11; so 5, 3, 4; 31, 1, 3;

    in navibus posita aeque quam in aedificiis,

    Plin. 2, 81, 83, § 196; so 2, 70, 72, § 180; Tac. A. 14, 38; id. H. 2, 10; 4, 52; Suet. Aug. 64, 89; id. Galb. 4 al.—
    (ζ).
    Aeque—ut, a rare combination, and unworthy of imitation (in authors of the class. per. its reception rests, for the most part, upon false readings for aeque et or aeque ac), as much as, like, cui nihil aeque in causis agendis ut brevitas placet, Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 1 Keil. accinctus aeque ut discinctus, Vulg. 3 Reg. 20, 11. Possidebitis eam (terram) singuli aeque ut frater suus, ib. Ezech. 47, 14:

    idemque proficeret aeque ut rosaceum,

    Plin. 23, 4, 45, § 89, where Jan reads proficeret quod rosaceum. —In Plaut. once aeque—quasi for the class. aeque ac. quem videam aeque esse maestum quasi dies si dicta sit, Plaut. As. 5, 1, 11 Fleck.—
    (η).
    Sometimes aeque—aeque, as well as, as much as. aeque pauperibus prodest, locupletibus aeque, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 25:

    aeque discordiam praepositorum, aeque concordiam subjectis exitiosam,

    Tac. Agr. 15.—
    2.
    The comparison is often to be supplied from the whole sentence or context; hence, aeque stands absol. for aeque ac, etc. (ante-class. freq.; also in Cic. and Liv.), equally, as much as, as: eadem oratio non aeque valet, Enn. ap. Gell. 11, 4 (from Eurip. Hec. 295: logos... ou tauton sthenei):

    satin habes, si feminarum nullast quam aeque diligam?

    Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 11: Aetna mons non aeque altus, id. Mil. 4, 2, 73; 4, 7, 10; id. Most. 1, 3, 85, etc.; Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 32; Cic. Fam. 4, 6, 1; so id. ib. 5, 21; id. Fin. 4, 33, 62:

    aeque sons,

    Liv. 29, 19, 2;

    so 29, 19, 4 al.: aeque non est dubium,

    it is as little doubtful, Plin. 2, 15, 13, § 68.—
    3.
    With omnes, uterque, and definite numerals, to indicate that a thing applies equally to all the objects designated, equally:

    non omnia eadem aeque omnibus suavia esse scito,

    Plaut. As. 3, 3, 51; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 2; so Cic. Off. 2, 8, 31; id. Fin. 4, 27, 75 al.:

    etsi utrique nostrum prope aeque gratae erant (litterae),

    id. Fam. 13, 18; so id. Quint. 28, 86; Verg. G. 3, 118; Ov. Tr. 3, 8, 33; id. Fast. 1, 226:

    aeque ambo pares,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 60:

    duae trabes aeque longae,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 10; Suet. Aug. 101. —
    4.
    Sometimes absol., with several substantives, alike, equally:

    Tragici et comici Numquam aeque sunt meditati,

    Plaut. Pers. 4, 2, 4. imperium bonus ignavus aeque sibi exoptant, Sall. C. 11.—
    5.
    In Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 42, nec est mihi quisquam, melius aeque cui velim, melius velle is, perhaps, to be taken together as a phrase, and the comp. considered as used in a restricted sense, as in melius est. Others consider the comp. as used for the simple positive; cf. adaeque.—
    B.
    Justly, with equity:

    mihi id aeque factum arbitror,

    Plaut. Mil. 5, 22 dub. (Ritschl: jureque id factum arbitror).— Comp.: ferro quam fame aequius perituros, more willingly, Sall. H. Fragm.— Sup.:

    aequissime jus dicere,

    Aur. Vict. Epit. 11, 2:

    judicas ut qui aequissime,

    Sid. 15, Ep. 11.
    ► An old adverb.
    form, aequĭter, also occurs: praeda per participes aequiter partita est, Liv. Andr. ap. Non. 512, 31; so Pac. ib., Att. ib., and Plaut. acc. to Prisc. 1010 P.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > aecus

  • 10 aequum

    aequus ( aecus, Pac. 32 Rib.; Lucr. 5, 1023 Lachm. and Munro; AIQVOS, S. C. de Bacch. 1. 26), a, um, adj. [formerly referred to EIKÔ, eoika, but Pott connects it with Sanscr. ēka = one, as if properly, one and uniform; others consider it as akin to aemulor, q. v.].
    I.
    A.. Of place, that extends or lies in a horizontal direction, plain, even, level, flat (esp. freq. in the strategic descriptions of the histt.;

    syn.: planus, aequalis, aequabilis, par, similis, justus): locus ad libellam aequus,

    level, Varr. R. R. 1, 6 fin.:

    aequus et planus locus,

    Cic. Caec. 17 fin.:

    in aequum locum se demittere,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 28: legio, quae paulo aequiore loco constiterat, id. ib. 7, 51:

    in aequum locum deducere,

    Sall. J. 42 (cf. in Gr. eis to isoW katabainein, Xen. Anab. 4, 6, 18).— Trop.:

    sive loquitur ex inferiore loco sive aequo sive ex superiore,

    i. e. before the judges, sitting on raised seats, or in the Senate, or in the assembly of the people from the rostra, Cic. de Or. 3, 6, 23:

    meos multos et ex superiore et ex aequo loco sermones habitos cum tuā summā laude,

    from the tribune, and on private matters, id. Fam. 3, 8.—In the histt., sometimes subst.: aequum, i, n., with a gen., level ground, a plain:

    facilem in aequo campi victoriam fore,

    Liv. 5, 38:

    ut primum agmen aequo, ceteri per acclive jugum insurgerent,

    Tac. Agr. 35:

    in aequum digredi,

    id. ib. 18:

    in aequo obstare,

    id. ib. 36; id. H. 4, 23.—Also, an eminence, if it rises without inequalities:

    dum Romanae cohortes in aequum eniterentur,

    up the slope, Tac. A. 2, 80.—As a level place is more favorable for military operations than an uneven one, aequus has the signif.,
    B.
    Favorable, convenient, advantageous (as its opp., iniquus, uneven, has that of unfavorable, etc.).
    1.
    Of place:

    locum se aequum ad dimicandum dedisse,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 73:

    etsi non aequum locum videbat suis,

    Nep. Milt. 5, 4:

    non hic silvas nec paludes, sed aequis locis aequos deos,

    Tac. A. 1, 68. —
    2.
    Of time: judicium aequiore tempore fieri oportere, more propitious, Cic. Corn. Fragm. ap. Ascon. p. 72:

    et tempore et loco aequo,

    Liv. 26, 3:

    tempore aequo,

    Suet. Caes. 35.—
    3.
    In gen., of persons or things (freq. and class.), favorable, kind, friendly, benevolent, etc.; constr. absol. with dat., or in and acc. (in poets in with abl.).
    (α).
    Absol.:

    consequeris, ut eos ipsos, quos contra statuas, aequos placatosque dimittas,

    Cic. Or. 10, 34:

    nobilitate inimica, non aequo senatu,

    id. Q. Fr. 2, 3 med.:

    meis aequissimis utuntur auribus,

    id. Fam. 7, 33:

    oculis aspicere aequis,

    Verg. A. 4, 372:

    O dominum aequum et bonum,

    Suet. Aug. 53:

    boni et aequi et faciles domini,

    id. Tib. 29.—
    (β).
    With dat.:

    aequa Venus Teucris, Pallas iniqua fuit,

    Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 6; id. A. A. 2, 310.—
    (γ).
    With in and acc.:

    quis hoc statuit, quod aequum sit in Quintium, id iniquum esse in Maevium,

    Cic. Quint. 14.—
    (δ).
    With in and abl.:

    victor erat quamvis, aequus in hoste fuit,

    Prop. 4, 18, 28.—Hence,
    4.
    aequus, i, m. subst., a friend:

    ego ut me tibi amicissimum esse et aequi et iniqui intellegant, curabo,

    both friends and enemies, Cic. Fam. 3, 6 fin.:

    aequis iniquisque persuasum erat,

    Liv. 5, 45.
    II.
    That is equal to another in any quality, equal, like; and of things divided into two equal parts, a half:

    aequo censu censeri,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 92:

    partīs,

    Lucr. 3, 125; so Aur. Vict. Orig. 19, 1; and Vulg. 1 Reg. 30, 24:

    aequa erit mensura sagorum,

    ib. Exod. 26, 8:

    pondera,

    ib. Lev. 19, 36:

    portio,

    ib. 2 Mach. 8, 30:

    aequa dementia,

    Lucr. 1, 705 al.:

    aequā manu discedere,

    to come off with equal advantage, Sall. C. 39; so,

    aequo Marte pugnare,

    with equal success, Liv. 2, 6; Curt. 4, 15, 29; Flor. 4, 2, 48 al.:

    urbs erat in summo nubibus aequa jugo,

    Ov. P. 4, 7, 24:

    aequum vulnus utrique tulit,

    id. M. 9, 719 (cf. id. ib. 7, 803:

    aequales urebant pectora flammae): sequiturque patrem non passibus aequis,

    Verg. A. 2, 724:

    pars aequa mundi,

    Plin. 2, 19, 17, § 81:

    utinam esset mihi pars aequa amoris tecum, i. e. aeque vicissim amaremus,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 12:

    non tertiam portionem, verum aequam,

    Plin. 3, 1, 1, § 5 al. —Hence the adverbial phrases,
    1.
    Ex aequo, in like manner, in an equal degree, equally ( = ex isou, Hdt., Dem.), Lucr. 1, 854:

    dixit et ex aequo donis formaque probata, etc.,

    Ov. H. 16, 87; 20, 123; id. Am. 1, 10, 33; id. A. A. 2, 682; id. M. 3, 145; 4, 62; Liv. 36, 37:

    adversarum rerum ex aequo socii sunt (Fosi Cheruscis), cum in secundis minores fuissent,

    Tac. G. 36 fin. —
    2.
    In aequo esse or stare, to be equal:

    qui cogit mori nolentem, in aequo est, quique properantem impedit,

    Sen. Phoen. 98:

    ut naturam oderint, quod infra deos sumus, quod non in aequo illis stetimus,

    id. Ben. 2, 29: in aequo ponere aliquem alicui, to make equal, to put on an equality, to compare:

    in aequo eum (Philopoemenem) summis imperatoribus posuerunt,

    Liv. 39, 50 fin. —
    B.
    Morally.
    1.
    Of persons, fair, equitable, impartial in conduct toward others (diff. from justus, just; v. aequitas, II.); constr. absol., with dat.; more rarely with gen.:

    praetor aequus et sapiens,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 65; 2, 5, 59:

    aequissimus aestimator et judex,

    id. Fin. 3, 2:

    praebere se aequum alicui,

    id. Fam. 2, 1:

    absentium aequi, praesentibus mobiles,

    benevolent toward, Tac. A. 6, 36.—
    2.
    Of things, fair, right, equitable, reasonable: ITA. SENATVS. AIQVOM. CENSVIT., S. C. de Bach. 1. 26: et aecum et rectum est, Pac. ap. Non. 261, 13 (Trag. Rel. p. 81 Rib.):

    aequa et honesta postulatio,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 2:

    quod justum est et aequum, servis praestate,

    just and fair, Vulg. Col. 4, 1:

    postulo primum id, quod aequissimum est, ut, etc.,

    Cic. Clu. 2:

    aequa lex et omnibus utilis,

    id. Balb. 27:

    aequissimis legibus monere,

    Aur. Vict. Caes. 9, 5:

    aequae conditiones,

    Vell. 2, 25; see Fischer, Gr. II. 611.—Hence,
    3.
    ae-quum, i, n. subst., what is fair, equitable, or just; fairness, equity, or justice, etc.: jus atque aequum, Enn. ap. Non. p. 399, 10 (Trag. v. 224 Vahl.):

    utilitas justi prope mater et aequi,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 98:

    aequi studium,

    Aur. Vict. Caes. 24, 6.—Often with comparatives, more than is right, proper, reasonable:

    lamentari amplius aequo,

    Lucr. 3, 966:

    injurias gravius aequo habere,

    to feel too deeply, Sall. C. 50:

    potus largius aequo,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 215.—Hence, aequum est, it is reasonable, proper, right, etc.; constr. with acc. and inf., in good prose also with dat. pers. and ut, Rudd. II. p. 235, n. 21: nos quiescere aequom est, Enn. ap. Diom. p. 382 P. (Trag. v. 199 Vahl.):

    quae liberum scire aequom est adulescentem,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 25:

    significant Imbecillorum esse aecum misererier omnīs,

    Lucr. 5, 1023:

    non est aequum nos derelinquere verbum Dei,

    Vulg. Act. 6, 2:

    aequius est mori quam auctoritatem imperii foedare,

    Aur. Vict. Epit. 12, 7:

    ut peritis? Ut piscatorem aequomst (sc. perire), fame sitique speque,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 2, 7; so,

    sicut aequum est homini de potestate deorum timide et pauca dicamus,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 16, 47.—In Plaut., with abl.:

    plus vidissem quam med atque illo aequom foret,

    would be becoming in me and him, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 84; id. Rud. prol. 47.—
    4.
    Aequum as subst. very freq. with bonum = aequitas, equitable conduct toward others, fairness, equity, etc.:

    neque quidquam queo aequi bonique ab eo impetrare,

    what is right and just, Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 65:

    cum de jure civili, cum de aequo et bono disputaretur,

    Cic. Brut. 38:

    ex aequo et bono, non ex callido versutoque jure rem judicari oportere,

    id. Caecin. 23:

    fit reus magis ex aequo bonoque quam ex jure gentium,

    in accordance with justice and equity, Sall. J. 35.— Also without et:

    illi dolum malum, illi fidem bonam, illi aequum bonum tradiderunt,

    Cic. Top. 17.—So also, aequius melius, according to greater equily, Cic. Off. 3, 15; id. Top. 17.—
    C.
    Of a state of mind, even, unruffled, calm, composed, tranquil, patient, enduring (cf. aequitas, II. B.);

    esp. freq. with animus or mens: animus aequos optumum est aerumnae condimentum,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 71:

    concedo et quod animus aequus est et quia necesse est,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 50:

    quodadest memento Componere aequus,

    Hor. C. 3, 29, 32:

    tentantem majora, fere praesentibus aequum,

    id. Ep. 1, 17, 24;

    and so, aequam memento rebus in arduis Servare mentem, etc.,

    id. C. 2, 3, 1.—Esp. freq. in the adv. abl.: aequo (aequiore, aequissimo) animo, with even mind, with equanimity, patiently, calmly, quietly, with forbearance: ego, nisi Bibulus adniteretur de triumpho, aequo animo essem, nunc vero aischron siôpan, Cic. Att. 6, 8:

    carere aequo animo aliquā re,

    id. Brut. 6:

    ferre aliquid,

    Nep. Dion. 6, 7; Aur. Vict. Orig. 6, 3:

    accipere,

    Sall. C. 3, 2:

    tolerare,

    id. J. 31:

    quo aequiore animo Germanicus celerem successionem operiretur,

    Suet. Tib. 25:

    testem se in judiciis interrogari aequissimo animo patiebatur,

    id. Aug. 56.—In eccl. Lat. = bono animo:

    aequo animo esto,

    be of good cheer, Vulg. 3 Reg. 21, 7:

    aequo animo (aliquis) est? Psallat,

    ib. Jacob. 5, 13.—Hence: aequi bonique facere aliquid, to regard as fair and reasonable (prop., a gen. of value, Roby, § 1191), to put up with, be content with, submit to, acquiesce in, etc.:

    istuc aequi bonique facio,

    Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 40: tranquillissimus animus meus totum istuc aequi boni [p. 59] facit, Cic. Att. 7, 7; Liv. 34, 22 fin.:

    aequi istuc faciam,

    it will be all the same to me, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 189.—So also:

    aequi bonique dicere,

    to propose any thing reasonable, Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 32.—Hence, aequē, adv., in like manner, equally, just as = ex aequo, pariter, Gr. isôs, omoiôs (indicating the entire equality of two objects compared, while similiter denotes only likeness):

    eā (benevolentiā) non pariter omnes egemus... honore et gloriā fortasse non aeque omnes egent,

    Cic. Off. 2, 8, 30:

    non possum ego non aut proxime atque ille aut etiam aeque laborare,

    id. Fam. 9, 13, 2:

    universa aeque eveniunt justo et impio,

    Vulg. Eccl. 9, 2.
    1.
    In the comic poets with cum or the comp. abl. (cf. adaeque); in Cic. and good class. authors gen. with et, atque, ac, ac si; less class. with quam, ut, quam ut; in Petr. with tamquam.
    (α).
    Aeque—cum:

    animum advorte, ut aeque mecum haec scias,

    Plaut. As. 2, 2, 66, id. Poen. prol. 47: novi aeque omnia tecum, Ter Phorm. 5, 9, 43. But in Plaut. As. 4, 1, 26, tecum una postea aeque pocla potitet, una belongs with tecum to potitet, and aeque is put absol. (sc. ut tu).—
    (β).
    Aeque with comp. abl.:

    nullus est hoc meticulosus aeque,

    as this person, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 137:

    qui me in terrā aeque fortunatus erit,

    id. Curc. 1, 2, 51.—
    (γ).
    Aeque—et or aeque— que (as in Gr. ison kai, isa kai, Soph. Oed. Tyr. 611;

    Thuc. 3, 14). nisi aeque amicos et nosmet ipsos diligamus,

    equally as ourselves, Cic. Fin. 1, 20, 67. versūs aeque prima et media et extrema pars attenditur, id. de Or. 3, 50, 192; id. Rosc. Com. 1, 2; so id. Mur. 13, 28; id. Clu. 69, 195, id. Tusc. 2, 26, 62 al.:

    quod Aeque neglectum pueris senibusque nocebit,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 26.—
    (δ).
    Aeque—atque, —ac, —ac si, as... as; as much as, as: vide ne, quem tu esse hebetem deputes aeque ac pecus, is, etc., Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 45: pumex non aeque aridus atque hic est senex, Plaut Aul. 2, 4, 18; Ter. Phorm 1, 2, 43; Varr. R. R. 3, 8, 2:

    nisi haberes, qui illis aeque ac tu ipse gauderet,

    Cic. Lael. 6, 22:

    sed me colit et observat aeque atque patronum suum,

    id. Fam. 13, 69; 2, 2; so id. Brut. 71, 248; id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116; Cels. 6, 15; Tac. H. 4, 5; Suet. Caes. 12 al.: aeque ac si. with the subj., just as if. altogether as if:

    Egnatii absentis rem ut tueare, aeque a te peto ac si mea negotia essent,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 43, 3; Auct Her 2, 13, 19: quo factum est, ut jumenta aeque nitida ex castellis educeret ac si in campestribus ea locis habuisset, Nep Eum. 5. 6; Liv. 10, 7, 4; 44, 22, 5 al.—
    (ε).
    Aeque— quam (only in Plaut. and prose writers from the Aug. per.;

    neither in Cic. nor in Cæs.),

    as... as, in the same manner as, as well... as, like, Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 55;

    nullum esse agrum aeque feracem quam hic est,

    id. Epid. 2, 3, 1:

    nihil aeque eos terruit quam robur et color imperatoris,

    Liv. 28, 26, 14, 5, 6, 11; so 5, 3, 4; 31, 1, 3;

    in navibus posita aeque quam in aedificiis,

    Plin. 2, 81, 83, § 196; so 2, 70, 72, § 180; Tac. A. 14, 38; id. H. 2, 10; 4, 52; Suet. Aug. 64, 89; id. Galb. 4 al.—
    (ζ).
    Aeque—ut, a rare combination, and unworthy of imitation (in authors of the class. per. its reception rests, for the most part, upon false readings for aeque et or aeque ac), as much as, like, cui nihil aeque in causis agendis ut brevitas placet, Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 1 Keil. accinctus aeque ut discinctus, Vulg. 3 Reg. 20, 11. Possidebitis eam (terram) singuli aeque ut frater suus, ib. Ezech. 47, 14:

    idemque proficeret aeque ut rosaceum,

    Plin. 23, 4, 45, § 89, where Jan reads proficeret quod rosaceum. —In Plaut. once aeque—quasi for the class. aeque ac. quem videam aeque esse maestum quasi dies si dicta sit, Plaut. As. 5, 1, 11 Fleck.—
    (η).
    Sometimes aeque—aeque, as well as, as much as. aeque pauperibus prodest, locupletibus aeque, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 25:

    aeque discordiam praepositorum, aeque concordiam subjectis exitiosam,

    Tac. Agr. 15.—
    2.
    The comparison is often to be supplied from the whole sentence or context; hence, aeque stands absol. for aeque ac, etc. (ante-class. freq.; also in Cic. and Liv.), equally, as much as, as: eadem oratio non aeque valet, Enn. ap. Gell. 11, 4 (from Eurip. Hec. 295: logos... ou tauton sthenei):

    satin habes, si feminarum nullast quam aeque diligam?

    Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 11: Aetna mons non aeque altus, id. Mil. 4, 2, 73; 4, 7, 10; id. Most. 1, 3, 85, etc.; Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 32; Cic. Fam. 4, 6, 1; so id. ib. 5, 21; id. Fin. 4, 33, 62:

    aeque sons,

    Liv. 29, 19, 2;

    so 29, 19, 4 al.: aeque non est dubium,

    it is as little doubtful, Plin. 2, 15, 13, § 68.—
    3.
    With omnes, uterque, and definite numerals, to indicate that a thing applies equally to all the objects designated, equally:

    non omnia eadem aeque omnibus suavia esse scito,

    Plaut. As. 3, 3, 51; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 2; so Cic. Off. 2, 8, 31; id. Fin. 4, 27, 75 al.:

    etsi utrique nostrum prope aeque gratae erant (litterae),

    id. Fam. 13, 18; so id. Quint. 28, 86; Verg. G. 3, 118; Ov. Tr. 3, 8, 33; id. Fast. 1, 226:

    aeque ambo pares,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 60:

    duae trabes aeque longae,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 10; Suet. Aug. 101. —
    4.
    Sometimes absol., with several substantives, alike, equally:

    Tragici et comici Numquam aeque sunt meditati,

    Plaut. Pers. 4, 2, 4. imperium bonus ignavus aeque sibi exoptant, Sall. C. 11.—
    5.
    In Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 42, nec est mihi quisquam, melius aeque cui velim, melius velle is, perhaps, to be taken together as a phrase, and the comp. considered as used in a restricted sense, as in melius est. Others consider the comp. as used for the simple positive; cf. adaeque.—
    B.
    Justly, with equity:

    mihi id aeque factum arbitror,

    Plaut. Mil. 5, 22 dub. (Ritschl: jureque id factum arbitror).— Comp.: ferro quam fame aequius perituros, more willingly, Sall. H. Fragm.— Sup.:

    aequissime jus dicere,

    Aur. Vict. Epit. 11, 2:

    judicas ut qui aequissime,

    Sid. 15, Ep. 11.
    ► An old adverb.
    form, aequĭter, also occurs: praeda per participes aequiter partita est, Liv. Andr. ap. Non. 512, 31; so Pac. ib., Att. ib., and Plaut. acc. to Prisc. 1010 P.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > aequum

  • 11 aequus

    aequus ( aecus, Pac. 32 Rib.; Lucr. 5, 1023 Lachm. and Munro; AIQVOS, S. C. de Bacch. 1. 26), a, um, adj. [formerly referred to EIKÔ, eoika, but Pott connects it with Sanscr. ēka = one, as if properly, one and uniform; others consider it as akin to aemulor, q. v.].
    I.
    A.. Of place, that extends or lies in a horizontal direction, plain, even, level, flat (esp. freq. in the strategic descriptions of the histt.;

    syn.: planus, aequalis, aequabilis, par, similis, justus): locus ad libellam aequus,

    level, Varr. R. R. 1, 6 fin.:

    aequus et planus locus,

    Cic. Caec. 17 fin.:

    in aequum locum se demittere,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 28: legio, quae paulo aequiore loco constiterat, id. ib. 7, 51:

    in aequum locum deducere,

    Sall. J. 42 (cf. in Gr. eis to isoW katabainein, Xen. Anab. 4, 6, 18).— Trop.:

    sive loquitur ex inferiore loco sive aequo sive ex superiore,

    i. e. before the judges, sitting on raised seats, or in the Senate, or in the assembly of the people from the rostra, Cic. de Or. 3, 6, 23:

    meos multos et ex superiore et ex aequo loco sermones habitos cum tuā summā laude,

    from the tribune, and on private matters, id. Fam. 3, 8.—In the histt., sometimes subst.: aequum, i, n., with a gen., level ground, a plain:

    facilem in aequo campi victoriam fore,

    Liv. 5, 38:

    ut primum agmen aequo, ceteri per acclive jugum insurgerent,

    Tac. Agr. 35:

    in aequum digredi,

    id. ib. 18:

    in aequo obstare,

    id. ib. 36; id. H. 4, 23.—Also, an eminence, if it rises without inequalities:

    dum Romanae cohortes in aequum eniterentur,

    up the slope, Tac. A. 2, 80.—As a level place is more favorable for military operations than an uneven one, aequus has the signif.,
    B.
    Favorable, convenient, advantageous (as its opp., iniquus, uneven, has that of unfavorable, etc.).
    1.
    Of place:

    locum se aequum ad dimicandum dedisse,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 73:

    etsi non aequum locum videbat suis,

    Nep. Milt. 5, 4:

    non hic silvas nec paludes, sed aequis locis aequos deos,

    Tac. A. 1, 68. —
    2.
    Of time: judicium aequiore tempore fieri oportere, more propitious, Cic. Corn. Fragm. ap. Ascon. p. 72:

    et tempore et loco aequo,

    Liv. 26, 3:

    tempore aequo,

    Suet. Caes. 35.—
    3.
    In gen., of persons or things (freq. and class.), favorable, kind, friendly, benevolent, etc.; constr. absol. with dat., or in and acc. (in poets in with abl.).
    (α).
    Absol.:

    consequeris, ut eos ipsos, quos contra statuas, aequos placatosque dimittas,

    Cic. Or. 10, 34:

    nobilitate inimica, non aequo senatu,

    id. Q. Fr. 2, 3 med.:

    meis aequissimis utuntur auribus,

    id. Fam. 7, 33:

    oculis aspicere aequis,

    Verg. A. 4, 372:

    O dominum aequum et bonum,

    Suet. Aug. 53:

    boni et aequi et faciles domini,

    id. Tib. 29.—
    (β).
    With dat.:

    aequa Venus Teucris, Pallas iniqua fuit,

    Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 6; id. A. A. 2, 310.—
    (γ).
    With in and acc.:

    quis hoc statuit, quod aequum sit in Quintium, id iniquum esse in Maevium,

    Cic. Quint. 14.—
    (δ).
    With in and abl.:

    victor erat quamvis, aequus in hoste fuit,

    Prop. 4, 18, 28.—Hence,
    4.
    aequus, i, m. subst., a friend:

    ego ut me tibi amicissimum esse et aequi et iniqui intellegant, curabo,

    both friends and enemies, Cic. Fam. 3, 6 fin.:

    aequis iniquisque persuasum erat,

    Liv. 5, 45.
    II.
    That is equal to another in any quality, equal, like; and of things divided into two equal parts, a half:

    aequo censu censeri,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 92:

    partīs,

    Lucr. 3, 125; so Aur. Vict. Orig. 19, 1; and Vulg. 1 Reg. 30, 24:

    aequa erit mensura sagorum,

    ib. Exod. 26, 8:

    pondera,

    ib. Lev. 19, 36:

    portio,

    ib. 2 Mach. 8, 30:

    aequa dementia,

    Lucr. 1, 705 al.:

    aequā manu discedere,

    to come off with equal advantage, Sall. C. 39; so,

    aequo Marte pugnare,

    with equal success, Liv. 2, 6; Curt. 4, 15, 29; Flor. 4, 2, 48 al.:

    urbs erat in summo nubibus aequa jugo,

    Ov. P. 4, 7, 24:

    aequum vulnus utrique tulit,

    id. M. 9, 719 (cf. id. ib. 7, 803:

    aequales urebant pectora flammae): sequiturque patrem non passibus aequis,

    Verg. A. 2, 724:

    pars aequa mundi,

    Plin. 2, 19, 17, § 81:

    utinam esset mihi pars aequa amoris tecum, i. e. aeque vicissim amaremus,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 12:

    non tertiam portionem, verum aequam,

    Plin. 3, 1, 1, § 5 al. —Hence the adverbial phrases,
    1.
    Ex aequo, in like manner, in an equal degree, equally ( = ex isou, Hdt., Dem.), Lucr. 1, 854:

    dixit et ex aequo donis formaque probata, etc.,

    Ov. H. 16, 87; 20, 123; id. Am. 1, 10, 33; id. A. A. 2, 682; id. M. 3, 145; 4, 62; Liv. 36, 37:

    adversarum rerum ex aequo socii sunt (Fosi Cheruscis), cum in secundis minores fuissent,

    Tac. G. 36 fin. —
    2.
    In aequo esse or stare, to be equal:

    qui cogit mori nolentem, in aequo est, quique properantem impedit,

    Sen. Phoen. 98:

    ut naturam oderint, quod infra deos sumus, quod non in aequo illis stetimus,

    id. Ben. 2, 29: in aequo ponere aliquem alicui, to make equal, to put on an equality, to compare:

    in aequo eum (Philopoemenem) summis imperatoribus posuerunt,

    Liv. 39, 50 fin. —
    B.
    Morally.
    1.
    Of persons, fair, equitable, impartial in conduct toward others (diff. from justus, just; v. aequitas, II.); constr. absol., with dat.; more rarely with gen.:

    praetor aequus et sapiens,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 65; 2, 5, 59:

    aequissimus aestimator et judex,

    id. Fin. 3, 2:

    praebere se aequum alicui,

    id. Fam. 2, 1:

    absentium aequi, praesentibus mobiles,

    benevolent toward, Tac. A. 6, 36.—
    2.
    Of things, fair, right, equitable, reasonable: ITA. SENATVS. AIQVOM. CENSVIT., S. C. de Bach. 1. 26: et aecum et rectum est, Pac. ap. Non. 261, 13 (Trag. Rel. p. 81 Rib.):

    aequa et honesta postulatio,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 2:

    quod justum est et aequum, servis praestate,

    just and fair, Vulg. Col. 4, 1:

    postulo primum id, quod aequissimum est, ut, etc.,

    Cic. Clu. 2:

    aequa lex et omnibus utilis,

    id. Balb. 27:

    aequissimis legibus monere,

    Aur. Vict. Caes. 9, 5:

    aequae conditiones,

    Vell. 2, 25; see Fischer, Gr. II. 611.—Hence,
    3.
    ae-quum, i, n. subst., what is fair, equitable, or just; fairness, equity, or justice, etc.: jus atque aequum, Enn. ap. Non. p. 399, 10 (Trag. v. 224 Vahl.):

    utilitas justi prope mater et aequi,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 98:

    aequi studium,

    Aur. Vict. Caes. 24, 6.—Often with comparatives, more than is right, proper, reasonable:

    lamentari amplius aequo,

    Lucr. 3, 966:

    injurias gravius aequo habere,

    to feel too deeply, Sall. C. 50:

    potus largius aequo,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 215.—Hence, aequum est, it is reasonable, proper, right, etc.; constr. with acc. and inf., in good prose also with dat. pers. and ut, Rudd. II. p. 235, n. 21: nos quiescere aequom est, Enn. ap. Diom. p. 382 P. (Trag. v. 199 Vahl.):

    quae liberum scire aequom est adulescentem,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 25:

    significant Imbecillorum esse aecum misererier omnīs,

    Lucr. 5, 1023:

    non est aequum nos derelinquere verbum Dei,

    Vulg. Act. 6, 2:

    aequius est mori quam auctoritatem imperii foedare,

    Aur. Vict. Epit. 12, 7:

    ut peritis? Ut piscatorem aequomst (sc. perire), fame sitique speque,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 2, 7; so,

    sicut aequum est homini de potestate deorum timide et pauca dicamus,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 16, 47.—In Plaut., with abl.:

    plus vidissem quam med atque illo aequom foret,

    would be becoming in me and him, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 84; id. Rud. prol. 47.—
    4.
    Aequum as subst. very freq. with bonum = aequitas, equitable conduct toward others, fairness, equity, etc.:

    neque quidquam queo aequi bonique ab eo impetrare,

    what is right and just, Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 65:

    cum de jure civili, cum de aequo et bono disputaretur,

    Cic. Brut. 38:

    ex aequo et bono, non ex callido versutoque jure rem judicari oportere,

    id. Caecin. 23:

    fit reus magis ex aequo bonoque quam ex jure gentium,

    in accordance with justice and equity, Sall. J. 35.— Also without et:

    illi dolum malum, illi fidem bonam, illi aequum bonum tradiderunt,

    Cic. Top. 17.—So also, aequius melius, according to greater equily, Cic. Off. 3, 15; id. Top. 17.—
    C.
    Of a state of mind, even, unruffled, calm, composed, tranquil, patient, enduring (cf. aequitas, II. B.);

    esp. freq. with animus or mens: animus aequos optumum est aerumnae condimentum,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 71:

    concedo et quod animus aequus est et quia necesse est,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 50:

    quodadest memento Componere aequus,

    Hor. C. 3, 29, 32:

    tentantem majora, fere praesentibus aequum,

    id. Ep. 1, 17, 24;

    and so, aequam memento rebus in arduis Servare mentem, etc.,

    id. C. 2, 3, 1.—Esp. freq. in the adv. abl.: aequo (aequiore, aequissimo) animo, with even mind, with equanimity, patiently, calmly, quietly, with forbearance: ego, nisi Bibulus adniteretur de triumpho, aequo animo essem, nunc vero aischron siôpan, Cic. Att. 6, 8:

    carere aequo animo aliquā re,

    id. Brut. 6:

    ferre aliquid,

    Nep. Dion. 6, 7; Aur. Vict. Orig. 6, 3:

    accipere,

    Sall. C. 3, 2:

    tolerare,

    id. J. 31:

    quo aequiore animo Germanicus celerem successionem operiretur,

    Suet. Tib. 25:

    testem se in judiciis interrogari aequissimo animo patiebatur,

    id. Aug. 56.—In eccl. Lat. = bono animo:

    aequo animo esto,

    be of good cheer, Vulg. 3 Reg. 21, 7:

    aequo animo (aliquis) est? Psallat,

    ib. Jacob. 5, 13.—Hence: aequi bonique facere aliquid, to regard as fair and reasonable (prop., a gen. of value, Roby, § 1191), to put up with, be content with, submit to, acquiesce in, etc.:

    istuc aequi bonique facio,

    Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 40: tranquillissimus animus meus totum istuc aequi boni [p. 59] facit, Cic. Att. 7, 7; Liv. 34, 22 fin.:

    aequi istuc faciam,

    it will be all the same to me, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 189.—So also:

    aequi bonique dicere,

    to propose any thing reasonable, Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 32.—Hence, aequē, adv., in like manner, equally, just as = ex aequo, pariter, Gr. isôs, omoiôs (indicating the entire equality of two objects compared, while similiter denotes only likeness):

    eā (benevolentiā) non pariter omnes egemus... honore et gloriā fortasse non aeque omnes egent,

    Cic. Off. 2, 8, 30:

    non possum ego non aut proxime atque ille aut etiam aeque laborare,

    id. Fam. 9, 13, 2:

    universa aeque eveniunt justo et impio,

    Vulg. Eccl. 9, 2.
    1.
    In the comic poets with cum or the comp. abl. (cf. adaeque); in Cic. and good class. authors gen. with et, atque, ac, ac si; less class. with quam, ut, quam ut; in Petr. with tamquam.
    (α).
    Aeque—cum:

    animum advorte, ut aeque mecum haec scias,

    Plaut. As. 2, 2, 66, id. Poen. prol. 47: novi aeque omnia tecum, Ter Phorm. 5, 9, 43. But in Plaut. As. 4, 1, 26, tecum una postea aeque pocla potitet, una belongs with tecum to potitet, and aeque is put absol. (sc. ut tu).—
    (β).
    Aeque with comp. abl.:

    nullus est hoc meticulosus aeque,

    as this person, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 137:

    qui me in terrā aeque fortunatus erit,

    id. Curc. 1, 2, 51.—
    (γ).
    Aeque—et or aeque— que (as in Gr. ison kai, isa kai, Soph. Oed. Tyr. 611;

    Thuc. 3, 14). nisi aeque amicos et nosmet ipsos diligamus,

    equally as ourselves, Cic. Fin. 1, 20, 67. versūs aeque prima et media et extrema pars attenditur, id. de Or. 3, 50, 192; id. Rosc. Com. 1, 2; so id. Mur. 13, 28; id. Clu. 69, 195, id. Tusc. 2, 26, 62 al.:

    quod Aeque neglectum pueris senibusque nocebit,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 26.—
    (δ).
    Aeque—atque, —ac, —ac si, as... as; as much as, as: vide ne, quem tu esse hebetem deputes aeque ac pecus, is, etc., Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 45: pumex non aeque aridus atque hic est senex, Plaut Aul. 2, 4, 18; Ter. Phorm 1, 2, 43; Varr. R. R. 3, 8, 2:

    nisi haberes, qui illis aeque ac tu ipse gauderet,

    Cic. Lael. 6, 22:

    sed me colit et observat aeque atque patronum suum,

    id. Fam. 13, 69; 2, 2; so id. Brut. 71, 248; id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116; Cels. 6, 15; Tac. H. 4, 5; Suet. Caes. 12 al.: aeque ac si. with the subj., just as if. altogether as if:

    Egnatii absentis rem ut tueare, aeque a te peto ac si mea negotia essent,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 43, 3; Auct Her 2, 13, 19: quo factum est, ut jumenta aeque nitida ex castellis educeret ac si in campestribus ea locis habuisset, Nep Eum. 5. 6; Liv. 10, 7, 4; 44, 22, 5 al.—
    (ε).
    Aeque— quam (only in Plaut. and prose writers from the Aug. per.;

    neither in Cic. nor in Cæs.),

    as... as, in the same manner as, as well... as, like, Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 55;

    nullum esse agrum aeque feracem quam hic est,

    id. Epid. 2, 3, 1:

    nihil aeque eos terruit quam robur et color imperatoris,

    Liv. 28, 26, 14, 5, 6, 11; so 5, 3, 4; 31, 1, 3;

    in navibus posita aeque quam in aedificiis,

    Plin. 2, 81, 83, § 196; so 2, 70, 72, § 180; Tac. A. 14, 38; id. H. 2, 10; 4, 52; Suet. Aug. 64, 89; id. Galb. 4 al.—
    (ζ).
    Aeque—ut, a rare combination, and unworthy of imitation (in authors of the class. per. its reception rests, for the most part, upon false readings for aeque et or aeque ac), as much as, like, cui nihil aeque in causis agendis ut brevitas placet, Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 1 Keil. accinctus aeque ut discinctus, Vulg. 3 Reg. 20, 11. Possidebitis eam (terram) singuli aeque ut frater suus, ib. Ezech. 47, 14:

    idemque proficeret aeque ut rosaceum,

    Plin. 23, 4, 45, § 89, where Jan reads proficeret quod rosaceum. —In Plaut. once aeque—quasi for the class. aeque ac. quem videam aeque esse maestum quasi dies si dicta sit, Plaut. As. 5, 1, 11 Fleck.—
    (η).
    Sometimes aeque—aeque, as well as, as much as. aeque pauperibus prodest, locupletibus aeque, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 25:

    aeque discordiam praepositorum, aeque concordiam subjectis exitiosam,

    Tac. Agr. 15.—
    2.
    The comparison is often to be supplied from the whole sentence or context; hence, aeque stands absol. for aeque ac, etc. (ante-class. freq.; also in Cic. and Liv.), equally, as much as, as: eadem oratio non aeque valet, Enn. ap. Gell. 11, 4 (from Eurip. Hec. 295: logos... ou tauton sthenei):

    satin habes, si feminarum nullast quam aeque diligam?

    Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 11: Aetna mons non aeque altus, id. Mil. 4, 2, 73; 4, 7, 10; id. Most. 1, 3, 85, etc.; Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 32; Cic. Fam. 4, 6, 1; so id. ib. 5, 21; id. Fin. 4, 33, 62:

    aeque sons,

    Liv. 29, 19, 2;

    so 29, 19, 4 al.: aeque non est dubium,

    it is as little doubtful, Plin. 2, 15, 13, § 68.—
    3.
    With omnes, uterque, and definite numerals, to indicate that a thing applies equally to all the objects designated, equally:

    non omnia eadem aeque omnibus suavia esse scito,

    Plaut. As. 3, 3, 51; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 2; so Cic. Off. 2, 8, 31; id. Fin. 4, 27, 75 al.:

    etsi utrique nostrum prope aeque gratae erant (litterae),

    id. Fam. 13, 18; so id. Quint. 28, 86; Verg. G. 3, 118; Ov. Tr. 3, 8, 33; id. Fast. 1, 226:

    aeque ambo pares,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 60:

    duae trabes aeque longae,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 10; Suet. Aug. 101. —
    4.
    Sometimes absol., with several substantives, alike, equally:

    Tragici et comici Numquam aeque sunt meditati,

    Plaut. Pers. 4, 2, 4. imperium bonus ignavus aeque sibi exoptant, Sall. C. 11.—
    5.
    In Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 42, nec est mihi quisquam, melius aeque cui velim, melius velle is, perhaps, to be taken together as a phrase, and the comp. considered as used in a restricted sense, as in melius est. Others consider the comp. as used for the simple positive; cf. adaeque.—
    B.
    Justly, with equity:

    mihi id aeque factum arbitror,

    Plaut. Mil. 5, 22 dub. (Ritschl: jureque id factum arbitror).— Comp.: ferro quam fame aequius perituros, more willingly, Sall. H. Fragm.— Sup.:

    aequissime jus dicere,

    Aur. Vict. Epit. 11, 2:

    judicas ut qui aequissime,

    Sid. 15, Ep. 11.
    ► An old adverb.
    form, aequĭter, also occurs: praeda per participes aequiter partita est, Liv. Andr. ap. Non. 512, 31; so Pac. ib., Att. ib., and Plaut. acc. to Prisc. 1010 P.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > aequus

  • 12 mejora

    f.
    1 improvement (progreso).
    2 increase (aumento).
    pres.indicat.
    3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: mejorar.
    * * *
    1 (progreso) improvement
    1 (obras) alterations, improvements
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=progreso) improvement
    2) (=aumento) increase
    3) pl mejoras (=obras) improvements, alterations
    4) [en subasta] higher bid
    5) Méx (Agr) weeding
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( perfeccionamiento) improvement
    b) mejoras femenino plural ( obras) improvements (pl)
    * * *
    = boost, enhancement, improvement, amelioration, betterment, upturn, optimising [optimizing, -USA], upgrade, brightening, scale-up, pickup [pick-up].
    Ex. Consequently, Leforte came to expect -- perhaps even take for granted -- the periodic boosts of ego and income that the evaluations provided.
    Ex. Editors consider content of abstracts and their languages as a primary factor in retrieval enhancement.
    Ex. The 1949 code does boast some improvements on the 1908 code.
    Ex. Now this may sound somewhat Draconian as an approach to the problem, but I really do believe, and I have studied this and thought about it very carefully for many years, that this is the only answer, that anything else is just an amelioration of the problem and is building up problems for the future.
    Ex. The new danger is that new technologies will be used for the betterment of only a small part of the world's population.
    Ex. The only hope for the future of the industry lies in a general upturn in the economy.
    Ex. One of the critical responsibilities of management level personnel within any organisation is measuring and optimising the performance of activities within their sphere of influence.
    Ex. The review led to an upgrade of one third of support staff positions and has led to a flatter hierarchical structure in the library.
    Ex. Further evidence for the historian includes the relative eminence of authors in terms of citedness, the brightening or dimming of reputations.
    Ex. This paper presents the results of an investigation into the scale-up of bread dough mixers.
    Ex. All this will definitely have a rub-off effect on the aluminium industry which will benefit because of the pick-up in the global economy.
    ----
    * acción de mejora = improvement action.
    * con mejoras = stepped-up.
    * dar mejora (en) = give + improvement (in).
    * hacer mejoras = make + improvements.
    * introducir mejoras = make + improvements.
    * mejora de las condiciones laborales = horizontal ladder.
    * mejora de la situación social = upward social mobility.
    * mejora de situación social = upward mobility.
    * mejora social = social improvement.
    * plan de mejora = improvement plan.
    * que mejora el estatus social = status-enhancing.
    * ser una mejora con respecto a = be an improvement on.
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( perfeccionamiento) improvement
    b) mejoras femenino plural ( obras) improvements (pl)
    * * *
    = boost, enhancement, improvement, amelioration, betterment, upturn, optimising [optimizing, -USA], upgrade, brightening, scale-up, pickup [pick-up].

    Ex: Consequently, Leforte came to expect -- perhaps even take for granted -- the periodic boosts of ego and income that the evaluations provided.

    Ex: Editors consider content of abstracts and their languages as a primary factor in retrieval enhancement.
    Ex: The 1949 code does boast some improvements on the 1908 code.
    Ex: Now this may sound somewhat Draconian as an approach to the problem, but I really do believe, and I have studied this and thought about it very carefully for many years, that this is the only answer, that anything else is just an amelioration of the problem and is building up problems for the future.
    Ex: The new danger is that new technologies will be used for the betterment of only a small part of the world's population.
    Ex: The only hope for the future of the industry lies in a general upturn in the economy.
    Ex: One of the critical responsibilities of management level personnel within any organisation is measuring and optimising the performance of activities within their sphere of influence.
    Ex: The review led to an upgrade of one third of support staff positions and has led to a flatter hierarchical structure in the library.
    Ex: Further evidence for the historian includes the relative eminence of authors in terms of citedness, the brightening or dimming of reputations.
    Ex: This paper presents the results of an investigation into the scale-up of bread dough mixers.
    Ex: All this will definitely have a rub-off effect on the aluminium industry which will benefit because of the pick-up in the global economy.
    * acción de mejora = improvement action.
    * con mejoras = stepped-up.
    * dar mejora (en) = give + improvement (in).
    * hacer mejoras = make + improvements.
    * introducir mejoras = make + improvements.
    * mejora de las condiciones laborales = horizontal ladder.
    * mejora de la situación social = upward social mobility.
    * mejora de situación social = upward mobility.
    * mejora social = social improvement.
    * plan de mejora = improvement plan.
    * que mejora el estatus social = status-enhancing.
    * ser una mejora con respecto a = be an improvement on.

    * * *
    1 (perfeccionamiento) improvement
    la empresa prometió mejoras en las condiciones de trabajo the company promised (to make) improvements in working conditions o promised to improve working conditions
    2 mejoras fpl (obras) improvements (pl)
    * * *

     

    Del verbo mejorar: ( conjugate mejorar)

    mejora es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo

    2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo

    Multiple Entries:
    mejora    
    mejorar
    mejora sustantivo femenino
    improvement
    mejorar ( conjugate mejorar) verbo transitivo ‹condiciones/situación/oferta› to improve;
    ‹ marca› to improve on, beat;

    verbo intransitivo [tiempo/calidad/situación] to improve, get better;

    [ persona] (Med) to get better;

    mejorarse verbo pronominal [ enfermo] to get better;
    que te mejores get well soon, I hope you get better soon
    mejora sustantivo femenino improvement
    mejorar
    I verbo transitivo
    1 to improve: han mejorado la educación, education has been improved
    2 Dep (un tiempo, una marca) to break
    II verbo intransitivo to improve, get better: espero que el tiempo mejore, I hope the weather gets better
    su salud no mejora, his health is not improving

    ' mejora' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    adelanto
    - escritura
    - experimentar
    - mejorar
    - susceptible
    - notorio
    - significar
    English:
    decided
    - improvement
    - slight
    - upturn
    - refinement
    - up
    * * *
    mejora nf
    1. [progreso] improvement;
    se nota una clara mejora you can see a clear improvement;
    un factor que contribuye a la mejora de la calidad de vida a factor which contributes to a better quality of life
    2. [cambio] improvement;
    este trabajo necesita varias mejoras several things about this piece of work need improving
    * * *
    f improvement
    * * *
    mejora nf
    : improvement
    * * *
    mejora n improvement

    Spanish-English dictionary > mejora

  • 13 planus

    1.
    plānus, a, um, adj. [for placnus; root plac-; Gr. plakous; cf. 2. plaga, planca], even, level, flat, plane (class.; cf. aequor).
    I.
    Lit.:

    facilis et plana via,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 19: cum duae formae praestantes sint, ex solidis globus, ex planis circulus aut orbis, Cic. N. D. 2, 18, 47:

    planum et aequabile corpus universitatis,

    id. Univ. 5:

    planus et aequus locus,

    id. Caecin. 17, 50:

    litus,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 23:

    carina,

    id. ib. 3, 13:

    pisces,

    flat-fish, Plin. 9, 20, 37, § 73:

    aedificia, quae plano pede instituuntur,

    on level ground, Vitr. 6, 11:

    postquam jacuit planum mare,

    Juv. 12, 62:

    planā faciem contundere palmā,

    flat, id. 13, 128.— Comp.:

    aditus planior,

    Liv. 34, 29.— Sup.:

    planissimus locus,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 35, 96. —
    B.
    Subst.: plānum, i, n., level ground, a plain:

    aciem in planum deducit,

    Sall. J. 49, 6:

    per planum ire,

    Ov. A. A. 2, 243:

    cadere in plano,

    id. Tr. 3, 4, 17:

    in planum deferre aliquid,

    Sen. Tranq. 10, 6:

    castra in plano erant,

    Flor. 4, 12, 59:

    de plano,

    on level ground, Dig. 13, 6, 5; Aus. Grat. Act. 21:

    ad planiora,

    Vulg. Judic. 1, 34.—In partic., jurid. t. t.: e plano or de plano, on level ground, below, not on the bench, i. e. out of court, extrajudicially:

    aut e plano aut e quaesitoris tribunali,

    Suet. Tib. 33:

    custodiae non solum pro tribunali, sed et de plano audiri possunt,

    Dig. 48, 18, 18; ib. 37, 1, 3.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    Lowly, inconsiderable, humble (post-Aug.):

    haec magnanimitas melius in tribunali, quam in plano conspicitur,

    shows better in one of high than of low station, Sen. Clem. 1, 5, 3:

    fortunam suam in planum deferre,

    id. Tranq. 10, 6: de plano, without difficulty, easily ( poet.):

    hoc tibi de plano possum promittere,

    Lucr. 1, 411.—
    B.
    Plain, clear, distinct, intelligible (class.):

    satin' haec sunt tibi plana et certa!

    Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 1:

    narrationes,

    Cic. Top. 26, 97:

    conjectatio,

    Plin. 2, 7, 5, § 22:

    pol planum id quidem est,

    it is plain, clear, evident, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 32: planum facere, to make plain, clear, or intelligible, to set forth, Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 56; 2, 1, 10, § 27; 2, 1, 20, § 52;

    2, 5, 64, § 165: planum facere multis testibus,

    id. ib. 1, 14, 40:

    planum facere atque probare,

    Lucr. 2, 932.—
    C.
    Easy, free from danger:

    illam viam vitae, quam ante praecipitem et lubricam esse ducebat, huic planae et stabili praeponendam esse,

    Cic. Flac. 42, 105.—Hence, adv.: plānē, plainly, evenly; trop., simply, clearly, distinctly, intelligibly.
    1.
    Lit. (class.):

    videre,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 64:

    scribere,

    id. As. 4, 1, 10:

    scire,

    id. Truc. 2, 6, 9:

    plane loqui,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 30:

    plane et dilucide loqui,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 32:

    plane et perspicue expedire aliquid,

    id. Fin. 3, 5, 19:

    plane et Latine loqui,

    to speak plainly, right out, without circumlocution, id. Phil. 7, 6, 17.— Comp.:

    quo pacto excludi potis est planius, quam, etc.,

    Plaut. Truc. 2, 8, 5:

    planius dicere (opp. dicere obscurius),

    Cic. de Or. 2, 80, 329:

    planius atque apertius dicere,

    id. Rosc. Com. 14, 43:

    quid, hoc planius egissem, si, etc.,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 10, § 27:

    ostendere,

    Plin. 18, 28, 68, § 273.— Sup.:

    apertissime planissimeque explicare,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 64, § 156.—
    B.
    Transf., wholly, entirely, completely, quite (class.), Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 55:

    perdidisti mulierem,

    id. Ps. 4, 7, 115:

    illam plane amo,

    id. Capt. 3, 4, 6:

    carere sensu communi,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 66:

    quod reliquos coheredes convenisti, plane bene,

    you have acted quite right, Cic. Att. 13, 6, 2:

    illud plane moleste tuli, quod, etc.,

    id. Fam. 3, 10, 11:

    non plane par,

    Auct. Her. 4, 20, 28:

    ex rebus penitus perspectis, planeque cognitis,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 23, 108:

    propemodum, vel plane potius,

    id. Brut. 97, 332:

    explicari mihi tuum consilium plane volo, ut penitus intellegam,

    thoroughly, id. Att. 8, 12, 1:

    planissime perii,

    Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 67:

    plane perfecteque eruditus,

    Cic. Brut. 81, 282:

    plane atque omnino rem defuisse,

    id. ib. 59, 214:

    plane cum,

    particularly as, Inscr. Grut. 208; cf.:

    et plane quid rectum esset diutius cogitare malui,

    Cic. Att. 8, 12, 3.—
    2.
    By all means, assuredly:

    eo acrius te rogo ut plane ad nos advoles,

    Cic. Att. 2, 24, 5 fin. —
    3.
    In partic., in affirmative answers, certainly, to be sure, exactly so (anteclass.): ego et domi privatus sum et perii. Ge. Plane istuc est, Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 57; id. Ps. 4, 7, 73: De. Etiam argentum est ultro objectum, ut sit, qui vivat, dum aliud aliquid flagitii conficiat Ge. Planissume, Ter. Phorm. 5, 2, 4.—
    4.
    Besides, but (late Lat.), Dig. 9, 2, 7; 32, 1, 52.
    2.
    plănus, i, m., = planos, a juggler, impostor, cheat (class.; cf.

    erro): ille planus improbissimus,

    Cic. Clu. 26, 72: fracto [p. 1385] crure planum attollere, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 59; Petr. 82.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > planus

  • 14 Creativity

       Put in this bald way, these aims sound utopian. How utopian they areor rather, how imminent their realization-depends on how broadly or narrowly we interpret the term "creative." If we are willing to regard all human complex problem solving as creative, then-as we will point out-successful programs for problem solving mechanisms that simulate human problem solvers already exist, and a number of their general characteristics are known. If we reserve the term "creative" for activities like discovery of the special theory of relativity or the composition of Beethoven's Seventh Symphony, then no example of a creative mechanism exists at the present time. (Simon, 1979, pp. 144-145)
       Among the questions that can now be given preliminary answers in computational terms are the following: how can ideas from very different sources be spontaneously thought of together? how can two ideas be merged to produce a new structure, which shows the influence of both ancestor ideas without being a mere "cut-and-paste" combination? how can the mind be "primed," so that one will more easily notice serendipitous ideas? why may someone notice-and remember-something fairly uninteresting, if it occurs in an interesting context? how can a brief phrase conjure up an entire melody from memory? and how can we accept two ideas as similar ("love" and "prove" as rhyming, for instance) in respect of a feature not identical in both? The features of connectionist AI models that suggest answers to these questions are their powers of pattern completion, graceful degradation, sensitization, multiple constraint satisfaction, and "best-fit" equilibration.... Here, the important point is that the unconscious, "insightful," associative aspects of creativity can be explained-in outline, at least-by AI methods. (Boden, 1996, p. 273)
       There thus appears to be an underlying similarity in the process involved in creative innovation and social independence, with common traits and postures required for expression of both behaviors. The difference is one of product-literary, musical, artistic, theoretical products on the one hand, opinions on the other-rather than one of process. In both instances the individual must believe that his perceptions are meaningful and valid and be willing to rely upon his own interpretations. He must trust himself sufficiently that even when persons express opinions counter to his own he can proceed on the basis of his own perceptions and convictions. (Coopersmith, 1967, p. 58)
       he average level of ego strength and emotional stability is noticeably higher among creative geniuses than among the general population, though it is possibly lower than among men of comparable intelligence and education who go into administrative and similar positions. High anxiety and excitability appear common (e.g. Priestley, Darwin, Kepler) but full-blown neurosis is quite rare. (Cattell & Butcher, 1970, p. 315)
       he insight that is supposed to be required for such work as discovery turns out to be synonymous with the familiar process of recognition; and other terms commonly used in the discussion of creative work-such terms as "judgment," "creativity," or even "genius"-appear to be wholly dispensable or to be definable, as insight is, in terms of mundane and well-understood concepts. (Simon, 1989, p. 376)
       From the sketch material still in existence, from the condition of the fragments, and from the autographs themselves we can draw definite conclusions about Mozart's creative process. To invent musical ideas he did not need any stimulation; they came to his mind "ready-made" and in polished form. In contrast to Beethoven, who made numerous attempts at shaping his musical ideas until he found the definitive formulation of a theme, Mozart's first inspiration has the stamp of finality. Any Mozart theme has completeness and unity; as a phenomenon it is a Gestalt. (Herzmann, 1964, p. 28)
       Great artists enlarge the limits of one's perception. Looking at the world through the eyes of Rembrandt or Tolstoy makes one able to perceive aspects of truth about the world which one could not have achieved without their aid. Freud believed that science was adaptive because it facilitated mastery of the external world; but was it not the case that many scientific theories, like works of art, also originated in phantasy? Certainly, reading accounts of scientific discovery by men of the calibre of Einstein compelled me to conclude that phantasy was not merely escapist, but a way of reaching new insights concerning the nature of reality. Scientific hypotheses require proof; works of art do not. Both are concerned with creating order, with making sense out of the world and our experience of it. (Storr, 1993, p. xii)
       The importance of self-esteem for creative expression appears to be almost beyond disproof. Without a high regard for himself the individual who is working in the frontiers of his field cannot trust himself to discriminate between the trivial and the significant. Without trust in his own powers the person seeking improved solutions or alternative theories has no basis for distinguishing the significant and profound innovation from the one that is merely different.... An essential component of the creative process, whether it be analysis, synthesis, or the development of a new perspective or more comprehensive theory, is the conviction that one's judgment in interpreting the events is to be trusted. (Coopersmith, 1967, p. 59)
       In the daily stream of thought these four different stages [preparation; incubation; illumination or inspiration; and verification] constantly overlap each other as we explore different problems. An economist reading a Blue Book, a physiologist watching an experiment, or a business man going through his morning's letters, may at the same time be "incubating" on a problem which he proposed to himself a few days ago, be accumulating knowledge in "preparation" for a second problem, and be "verifying" his conclusions to a third problem. Even in exploring the same problem, the mind may be unconsciously incubating on one aspect of it, while it is consciously employed in preparing for or verifying another aspect. (Wallas, 1926, p. 81)
       he basic, bisociative pattern of the creative synthesis [is] the sudden interlocking of two previously unrelated skills, or matrices of thought. (Koestler, 1964, p. 121)
        11) The Earliest Stages in the Creative Process Involve a Commerce with Disorder
       Even to the creator himself, the earliest effort may seem to involve a commerce with disorder. For the creative order, which is an extension of life, is not an elaboration of the established, but a movement beyond the established, or at least a reorganization of it and often of elements not included in it. The first need is therefore to transcend the old order. Before any new order can be defined, the absolute power of the established, the hold upon us of what we know and are, must be broken. New life comes always from outside our world, as we commonly conceive that world. This is the reason why, in order to invent, one must yield to the indeterminate within him, or, more precisely, to certain illdefined impulses which seem to be of the very texture of the ungoverned fullness which John Livingston Lowes calls "the surging chaos of the unexpressed." (Ghiselin, 1985, p. 4)
       New life comes always from outside our world, as we commonly conceive our world. This is the reason why, in order to invent, one must yield to the indeterminate within him, or, more precisely, to certain illdefined impulses which seem to be of the very texture of the ungoverned fullness which John Livingston Lowes calls "the surging chaos of the unexpressed." Chaos and disorder are perhaps the wrong terms for that indeterminate fullness and activity of the inner life. For it is organic, dynamic, full of tension and tendency. What is absent from it, except in the decisive act of creation, is determination, fixity, and commitment to one resolution or another of the whole complex of its tensions. (Ghiselin, 1952, p. 13)
       [P]sychoanalysts have principally been concerned with the content of creative products, and with explaining content in terms of the artist's infantile past. They have paid less attention to examining why the artist chooses his particular activity to express, abreact or sublimate his emotions. In short, they have not made much distinction between art and neurosis; and, since the former is one of the blessings of mankind, whereas the latter is one of the curses, it seems a pity that they should not be better differentiated....
       Psychoanalysis, being fundamentally concerned with drive and motive, might have been expected to throw more light upon what impels the creative person that in fact it has. (Storr, 1993, pp. xvii, 3)
       A number of theoretical approaches were considered. Associative theory, as developed by Mednick (1962), gained some empirical support from the apparent validity of the Remote Associates Test, which was constructed on the basis of the theory.... Koestler's (1964) bisociative theory allows more complexity to mental organization than Mednick's associative theory, and postulates "associative contexts" or "frames of reference." He proposed that normal, non-creative, thought proceeds within particular contexts or frames and that the creative act involves linking together previously unconnected frames.... Simonton (1988) has developed associative notions further and explored the mathematical consequences of chance permutation of ideas....
       Like Koestler, Gruber (1980; Gruber and Davis, 1988) has based his analysis on case studies. He has focused especially on Darwin's development of the theory of evolution. Using piagetian notions, such as assimilation and accommodation, Gruber shows how Darwin's system of ideas changed very slowly over a period of many years. "Moments of insight," in Gruber's analysis, were the culminations of slow long-term processes.... Finally, the information-processing approach, as represented by Simon (1966) and Langley et al. (1987), was considered.... [Simon] points out the importance of good problem representations, both to ensure search is in an appropriate problem space and to aid in developing heuristic evaluations of possible research directions.... The work of Langley et al. (1987) demonstrates how such search processes, realized in computer programs, can indeed discover many basic laws of science from tables of raw data.... Boden (1990a, 1994) has stressed the importance of restructuring the problem space in creative work to develop new genres and paradigms in the arts and sciences. (Gilhooly, 1996, pp. 243-244; emphasis in original)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Creativity

  • 15 jaceo

    jăcĕo, cŭi, cĭtum ( fut. part. jaci-turus, Stat. Th. 7, 777), 2, v. n. [ intr. of jacio; lit., to be thrown or cast; hence], to lie.
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.:

    in limine,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 45, § 118:

    stratum ad pedes alicujus,

    id. Quint. 31, 96; id. Q. Fr. 2, 5, 2:

    alicui ad pedes,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 49, § 129:

    in lecto,

    id. Phil. 2, 18, 45; Juv. 6, 269:

    in ignota harena,

    Verg. A. 5, 871:

    Tyrio sublimis in ostro,

    Ov. H. 12, 179:

    in viridi gramine,

    id. Am. 1, 14, 22:

    in teneris dominae lacertis,

    id. ib. 1, 13, 5:

    in solo,

    id. M. 2, 420:

    in viduo toro,

    id. H. 16, 316:

    in gremio,

    id. ib. 9, 136;

    11, 4: in servi complexibus,

    Juv. 6, 279;

    for which: saxum campo quod forte jacebat,

    Verg. A. 12, 897:

    deserto lecto,

    Ov. H. 1, 7:

    saxo,

    id. M. 6, 100:

    gremio mariti,

    Juv. 2, 120:

    in aversa ora,

    Ov. H. 12, 63:

    super corpus alicujus,

    id. F. 2, 836:

    somno,

    Verg. E. 6, 14:

    spissa harena,

    id. A. 6, 336:

    humo,

    Ov. A. A. 2, 238:

    nudus humi jacet,

    Lucr. 5, 224; Cic. Cat. 1, 10, 26; Ov. Am. 3, 1, 12:

    humi ante lectum jacens,

    Suet. Oth. 7:

    mecum inter salices lenta sub vite jacere,

    Verg. E. 10, 40:

    sub alta platano,

    Hor. C. 2, 11, 14:

    strata jacent sub arbore poma,

    Verg. E. 7, 54.— Absol.:

    Tityos jacet alitis esca,

    Verg. Cul. 237:

    vittae jacentes,

    Tib. 2, 5, 53:

    pisces jacentes,

    i. e. flatfish, Col. 8, 17, 9.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    Of sick persons, to lie ill, to be sick:

    cura ut valeas, ne ego te jacente bona tua comedim,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 20:

    cum tristj morbo defessa jaceres,

    Tib. 1, 5, 9:

    hic facit ut jaceas,

    Ov. H. 20, 173:

    graviter,

    Plin. Ep. 5. 9:

    sine spe,

    Sen. Ep. 101, 3.—
    2.
    To lie dead, to have fallen:

    Aeacidae telo jacet Hector,

    Verg. A. 1, 99; 10, 737:

    corpora per campos ferro quae fusa jacebant,

    id. ib. 11, 102:

    cum primi occidissent, proximi jacentibus insisterent,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 27, 3; 7, 25, 3:

    neminem jacentem veste spoliavit,

    Nep. Thras. 2, 6; cf.:

    spolia jacentis hostium exercitus,

    Liv. 44, 45:

    ne inultos imperatores suos jacere sinerent,

    id. 25, 37:

    qui bene pro patria cum patriaque jacent,

    Ov. H. 3, 106:

    Arge, jaces!

    id. M. 1, 720: morte jacent merita, id. F. 3, 707:

    fratri jacet,

    killed by his brother, Sil. 15, 650:

    rupto jacuit corpore (rana),

    Phaedr. 1, 24, 10:

    jacuit Catilina cadavere toto,

    Juv. 10, 288.—
    3.
    To be or lie long anywhere, to linger, tarry, stop at a place:

    pernam, glandium, sumen facito in aqua jaceant,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 33:

    Brundusii,

    to stay long at, Cic. Att. 11, 6, 2.—
    4.
    Geographically, to lie, be situate, = esse, situm esse (not in Cic. or Cæs.): jacet Vada inter Appenninum et Alpis, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 13, 2; Liv. 5, 48, 2; 6, 30, 5; 22, 3, 3:

    inter Taurum montem jacet et Hellespontem,

    Nep. Eum. 3, 2 saep.:

    quae gens jacet supra Ciliciam,

    id. Dat. 4:

    ad vesperam jacentis terrae,

    Plin. 18, 25, 57, § 216:

    summo in vertice montis Planities ignota jacet,

    Verg. A. 11, 527:

    quod urbes in planis jaceant,

    Just. 22, 5, 5:

    alio patriam quaerunt sub sole jacentem,

    Verg. G. 2, 512:

    jacet extra sidera tellus,

    id. A. 6, 795; cf.:

    pallente sub umbra Cimmerias jacuisse domos,

    Sil. 12, 132:

    inter eos solemque jacent immania ponti aequora,

    Lucr. 4, 412; cf.:

    Cyclades et Sporades per quingenta milia in longitudinem... jacent,

    extend, Plin. 4, 12, 23, § 71.—
    5.
    To be low, flat, level:

    jacentia et plana urbis loca,

    Tac. H. 1, 86:

    despiciens terras jacentīs,

    Verg. A. 1, 224:

    praetervehor Thapsum jacentem,

    id. ib. 3, 689; Val. Fl. 4, 712:

    quaeque jacent valles,

    Ov. F. 2, 392; Just. 22, 5, 5:

    jacentes campos,

    Luc. 4, 52:

    summo despexit ab aethere terras Infelix Phaëthon penitus penitusque jacentes,

    Ov. M. 2, 178.—
    6.
    Esp., of the sea, to be level, quiet, lie still:

    mediusque jacet sine murmure pontus,

    Luc. 1, 260; 5, 434:

    servatum bello jacuit mare,

    id. 3, 523:

    planum mare,

    Juv. 12, 62:

    stagna jacentia,

    Sil. 5, 583.—
    7.
    To lie in ruins, be broken down: cui nec arae patriae domi stant, fractae et disjectae jacent, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. Rel. v. 115 Vahl.):

    jacent, Ilion ingens,

    Ov. M. 13, 505:

    ausa et jacentem visere regiam vultu sereno,

    Hor. C. 1, 37, 25:

    Troja jacet certe,

    Ov. H. 1, 3:

    vetus Thebe jacet,

    Juv. 15, 6.—
    8.
    To hang loose:

    vagi crines per colla jacebant,

    Ov. M. 2, 673; id. A. A. 3, 236:

    jacentia lora,

    lying loose on the horse's neck, id. M. 2, 201; cf.

    , of clothing, etc.: juvenes timidaeque puellae Praeverrunt latas veste jacente vias,

    id. Am. 3, 13, 24:

    demissa jacent tibi pallia terrae,

    id. ib. 3, 2, 25; id. A. A. 153.—
    9.
    Of the eyes, face, etc., to be cast down, fixed on the ground:

    vultusque attolle jacentes,

    Ov. M. 4, 144:

    jacentes Vix oculos tollens,

    id. ib. 11, 618.
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    To be indolent or inactive, not to come forward:

    in pace jacere, quam in bello vigere maluit. Quamquam ille quidem numquam jacuit,

    Cic. Phil. 10, 7, 14:

    C. Marius cum a spe consulatus longe abesset et jam septimum annum post praeturam jaceret,

    id. Off. 3, 20, 79:

    ars tua, Tiphy, jacet, si non sit in aequore fluctus,

    Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 77:

    at mea numina tandem fessa jacent,

    Verg. A. 7, 298.—
    B.
    To be cast down, dejected:

    Gnaeus noster ut totus jacet,

    Cic. Att. 7, 21, 1:

    ne jaceam? quis unquam minus,

    id. ib. 12, 40, 2:

    jacet in maerore meus frater,

    id. ib. 10, 4; id. Phil. 12, 2:

    militum jacere animos,

    Liv. 10, 35.—
    C.
    To lie prostrate:

    victa jacet pietas,

    Ov. M. 1, 149:

    nobilitas sub amore jacet,

    id. H. 4, 161:

    Africani, Marii, Sullae, Pompeii infra Pallantis laudes jacebant,

    Plin. Ep. 8, 6, 2:

    justitia vacillat, vel jacet potius,

    Cic. Off. 3, 33, 118:

    humana cum vita jaceret, oppressa gravi sub religione,

    Lucr. 1, 63.—
    D.
    To be refuted, overcome, disproved, to fail:

    jacent suis testibus, qui Clodium negant Romam fuisse rediturum, etc.,

    Cic. Mil. 18, 47:

    jacet omnis ratio Peripateticorum,

    id. Fin. 5, 28, 86:

    jacet igitur tota conclusio,

    id. Div. 2, 51, 106.—
    E.
    To lie dormant, be disused or neglected, to be of no avail:

    cum leges nihil valebant, cum judicia jacebant,

    Cic. Par. 4, 1:

    tota Capua et omnis hic delectus jacet,

    id. Att. 7, 22: dici non potest, quomodo hic omnia jaceant, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6:

    justitia jacet,

    Cic. Off. 3, 33:

    maximas virtutes jacere omnes necesse est voluptate dominante,

    id. Fin. 2, 35, 117; Quint. 9, 2, 4.—
    F.
    To be despised, in no esteem:

    cum jacerent pretia praediorum,

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 33:

    ut neque jacere regem pateremur,

    id. Fam. 1, 5, 3:

    sed nunc omnia ista jacere puto, propter nummorum caritatem,

    are cheap, id. Att. 9, 9, 4: dat census honores, Census amicitias:

    pauper ubique jacet,

    Ov. F. 1, 218; id. R. Am 139.—
    G.
    To lie idle, neglected, or unemployed:

    cur tamdiu jacet hoc nomen in adversariis,

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 3:

    quomodo tibi tanta pecunia extraordinaria jacet?

    id. ib. 1:

    quae (pecuniae) vereor, ne otiosae jaceant,

    Plin. Ep. 10, 62, 1:

    nonne justius erit proximo cuique bonorum possessionem dari, ne bona jaceant,

    that they be not without an owner, Dig. 37, 3, 1.—
    H.
    To lie open, be obvious, to be known, be at hand:

    neque ex alio genere (verborum) ad usum cottidianum, alio ad scenam pompamque sumuntur, sed ea nos cum jacentia sustulimus e medio,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 45, 177.—
    I.
    Of speech or language, to be languid, lifeless, dull:

    quibus detractis, jacet (oratio),

    Quint. 9, 2, 4:

    jacens oratio,

    Gell. 1, 11, 15; cf. Quint. 8, 5, 32.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > jaceo

  • 16 ཡིད་ཀྱི་ཁམས་

    [yid kyi khams]
    lowest level of the ego act upon which yid is founded, -> yid kyi dbang po

    Tibetan-English dictionary > ཡིད་ཀྱི་ཁམས་

  • 17 volgō or vulgō

        volgō or vulgō āvī, ātus, āre    [volgus], to spread among the multitude, make general, make common, put forth: contagium in alios, Cu.: rem, i. e. to let all share in, L.: volgari cum privatis, i. e. to lower himself to the level of, L.—To spread abroad, publish, divulge, circulate, report: non quod ego volgari facinus per omnes velim, L.: verbis dolorem, V.: alia volgata miracula erant, L.—To make common, mingle, confound, prostitute: ut volgentur concubitūs plebis patrumque, L.: volgato corpore, L.

    Latin-English dictionary > volgō or vulgō

  • 18 area

    ārĕa (in inscriptions freq. ARIA, Inscr. Orell. 4130, etc.), ae, f [some comp. eraze = on the ground; Germ. Erde; Engl. earth, hearth; others, as Varro and Festus, connected it with areo, as if pr. dry land, as terra may be connected with torreo; so Bopp and Curt.], a piece of level ground, a vacant place, esp. in the town (syn.:

    planities, aequor): in urbe loca pura areae,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 38 Müll: area proprie dicitur locus vacuus, Paul. ex Fest. p. 11 Müll.: locus sine aedificio in urbe area;

    rure autem ager appellatur,

    Dig. 50, 16, 211.
    I.
    Lit., ground for a house, a building-spot:

    si Ponendae domo quaerenda est area primum,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 13. arearum electio, Vitr. 1, 7, 1:

    pontifices si sustulerint religionem, aream praeclaram habebimus,

    Cic. Att. 4, 1 fin.; Liv. 4, 16; 1, 55; Suet. Vesp. 8; Dig. 7, 4, 10 al.—
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    A vacant space around or in a house, a court (syn. spatium):

    resedimus in areā domŭs,

    Plin. Ep. 6, 20, 4; so id. ib. 7, 27, 10; Vulg. 3 Reg. 22, 10; Dig. 43, 22, 1; 8, 2, 1 al.—
    B.
    An open space for games, an open play-ground (syn.:

    campus, curriculum),

    Hor. C. 1, 9, 18.— Hence, in gen., a field for effort, etc. (syn.:

    campus, locus, q. v.),

    Ov. Am. 3, 1, 26, and trop.:

    area scelerum,

    i. e. where vices have full scope, Cic. Att. 9, 18.—Also, a raceground, Ov. F. 4, 10 (cf. id. ib. 2, 360); and trop., the course of life:

    vitae tribus areis peractis (i. e. pueritiā, juventute, senectute),

    Mart. 10, 24.—
    C.
    A threshing floor (among the ancients, an open space in the vicinity of the house).
    1.
    Lit.:

    neque in segetibus neque in areis neque in horreis,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 8; Hor. C. 1, 1, 10; id. S. 1, 1, 45; Tib. 1, 5, 22; Vulg. Gen. 50, 10; ib. Isa. 21, 10. Its construction may be learned from Cato, R. R. 91 and 129; Varr. R. R. 1, 51; Verg. G. 1, 178 sqq. Voss; Col. 5, 1, 4; 5, 2, 20; and Pall. 1, 36 al.—
    2.
    Trop., of the body of Christians, as subject to separation, judgment (eccl. Lat.), Vulg. Matt. 3, 12; Aug. Ver. Rel. 5.—
    D.
    The halo around the sun or moon: tales splendores Graeci areas (i. e. halônas) vocavere, Sen. Q. N. 1, 2.—
    E.
    A bed or border in a garden, Varr. L. L. 6, § 64 Müll.; Col. 11, 3; Plin. 19, 4, 20, § 60; Pall. 1, 34.—
    F.
    A fowling-floor, Plaut. As. 1, 3, 64: aedes nobis area est;

    auceps sum ego,

    id. ib. 1, 3, 67.—
    G.
    A burying-ground, church-yard, Tert. ad Scap. 3. —
    H.
    A bald spot upon the head, baldness, Cels. 6, 4; Mart. 5, 50.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > area

  • 19 purgo

    purgo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [contr. for purigo, from purum ago], to make clean or pure, to clean, cleanse, purify (class.).
    I.
    Lit.:

    oleam a foliis et stercore purgato,

    Cato, R. R. 65, 1: cum falcibus purgarunt locum, cleared the place, freed it from bushes, etc., Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 65; Liv. 24, 19:

    arva longis ligonibus,

    Ov. P. 1, 8, 59:

    domum muribus,

    Phaedr. 1, 22, 3:

    fossas,

    Plin. 18, 26, 64, § 236:

    proprios leniter ungues cultello,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 51: cana labra, i. e. to clear or free from beard, Mart. 9, 28, 5:

    pisces,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 22:

    segetes,

    Plin. 18, 26, 65, § 241.— Absol.:

    levi sarculo purgare,

    Plin. 18, 26, 65, § 241.—Mid.:

    purgor in amni,

    wash, Sil. 8, 125.—
    2.
    In partic., in medic. lang., to cleanse by stool, vomiting, etc., to purge:

    quid scammoneae radix ad purgandum possit,

    Cic. Div. 1, 10, 16; Cato, R. R. 157, 3:

    si is, qui saepe purgatus est, subito habet alvum suppressam,

    Cels. 2, 12:

    qui purgor bilem sub verni temporis horam,

    Hor. A. P. 302:

    se helleboro,

    Val. Max. 8, 7, 5 fin.:

    se per inferna aut vomitione,

    Plin. 25, 5, 21, § 51.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    To make even by clearing away, to level, Inscr. Murat. 582 fin.; cf.:

    purgare viam proprie dicitur ad libramentum proprium redigere, sublato eo quod supra eam esset,

    Dig. 43, 11, 1, § 1.—
    2.
    To clear away, remove:

    rudera,

    Suet. Vesp. 8:

    vermes clavo aëneo,

    Pall. 4, 10, 4:

    lapides,

    id. 3, 6:

    sordes,

    Claud. in Eutr. 1, 383; cf.:

    scindit se nubes et in aethera purgat apertum,

    melts away, Verg. A. 1, 587.—
    b.
    In partic., in medicine, to remove or expel by purging, rinsing, etc., to heal, cure:

    purgatum te illius morbi,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 27:

    pituitas,

    Plin. 20, 17, 73, § 188:

    fastidium lauri folio,

    id. 8, 27, 41, § 101:

    suppurationes,

    id. 23, 1, 16, § 24:

    tarditatem aurium,

    id. 23, 2, 28, § 59:

    succus purgat cicatrices et nubeculas (oculorum),

    id. 27, 12, 85, § 109.—
    II.
    Trop., to cleanse, purify (syn. lustro).
    A.
    In gen.:

    pectora,

    Lucr. 6, 24:

    urbem,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 5, 10:

    amplissimos ordines contaminatos veteri neglegentiā purgavit,

    Suet. Vesp. 9:

    rationes,

    to clear up, settle, pay, id. Calig. 29.—
    B.
    To clear away, remove:

    metum doloris,

    Quint. 12, 2, 3.—
    C.
    In partic.
    1.
    To clear from accusation, to excuse, exculpate, justify (syn. excuso):

    ut me purgarem tibi,

    Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 28:

    QVIBVS DE REBVS VOS PVRGAVISTIS... QVOMQVE DE EIEIS REBVS SENATVEI PVRGATI ESTIS, S. C. de Tiburt. lin. 3 and 12 (ap. Grut. 499, 12): quod te mihi de Sempronio purgas, accipio excusationem,

    Cic. Fam. 12, 25, 3:

    cui se purgat,

    id. Or. 29, 230:

    ego me tibi purgo,

    id. Fam. 15, 17, 1; so,

    Caesarem de interitu Marcelli,

    id. Att. 13, 10, 3:

    si quis tibi se purgare volet, quod, etc.,

    Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 9, 35:

    si parum vobis essem purgatus,

    Cic. Phil. 14, 6, 17:

    velle Pompeium se Caesari purgatum, ne, etc.,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 8; cf. id. B. G. 1, 28:

    ea pars epistulae tuae, per quam te ac mores tuos mihi purgatos ac probatos esse voluisti,

    Cic. Att. 1, 17, 7; Ter. Hec. 2, 2, 12:

    accedebant blanditiae virorum factum purgantium cupiditate atque amore,

    Liv. 1, 9 fin.:

    factum,

    Ov. P. 3, 2, 24:

    facinus,

    Curt. 7, 5, 39; 5, 12, 8:

    crimina,

    to disprove, Cic. Clu. 1, 3; Liv. 38, 48, 14; cf.

    probra,

    Tac. A. 4, 42:

    adulescentem crimine civilis belli,

    to acquit, id. ib. 3, 17:

    innocentiam suam,

    to vindicate, Liv. 9, 26:

    suspicionem,

    to remove, id. 28, 43:

    ea, quae ipsis obicerentur,

    to refute, id. 8, 23:

    purget miles, quod vicerit hostem,

    Sil. 7, 510:

    aliquem alicujus rei,

    Liv. 37, 28:

    se adversus alicujus criminationes purgare,

    Suet. Caes. 55:

    illi lacrimantes nunc purgare se,

    Curt. 5, 10, 11.—With acc. and inf.:

    laborare regem, ut purganti se nihil hostile dixisse aut fecisse, fides habeatur,

    Liv. 42, 14:

    qui purgarent nec accitos ab eo Bastarnas nec auctore eo quidquam facere,

    id. 41, 19.—
    2.
    To cleanse or purge from a crime or sin with religious rites, to make expiation or atonement for, to expiate, purify, atone for, lustrate, = expiare, lustrare ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    di patrii, purgamus agros, purgamus agrestes,

    Tib. 2, 1, 17:

    populos,

    Ov. F. 4, 640:

    myrtea verbena Romanos Sabinosque,

    Plin. 15, 29, 36, § 119:

    pontifices purgantes moenia,

    Luc. 1, 593:

    domus purgantur lustranturque,

    Plin. 25, 9, 59, § 105. —With the crime or act as an object: nefas, Ov. M. 13, 952:

    crimen gladio,

    Luc. 8, 518; Vulg. Ecclus. 47, 13.—Hence, purgā-tus, a, um, P. a.
    A.
    Cleansed, purified, pure ( poet.):

    auris,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 7:

    somnia pituitā purgatissima,

    Pers. 2, 57:

    purgatioris auri vena,

    Mart. Cap. 1, § 7 (cf. Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 179).—
    B.
    Excused, exculpated: ita fiducia quam argumentis purgatiores dimittuntur, Sall. Fragm. ap. Non. 310, 22, and ap. Don. Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 28.—
    C.
    Pure, freed from sin (eccl. Lat.):

    vota purgatiora, Aug. Civ. Dei, 6, 2: purgatissima ecclesia,

    id. Doctr. Christ. 2, 16:

    pietas,

    id. Ver. Rel. 1. —Hence, adv.: purgātē, purely:

    enucleate dicitur purgate, exquisite,

    Non. 60, 5.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > purgo

  • 20 vulgo

    1.
    vulgō ( volg-), adv., v. vulgus fin.
    2.
    vulgo ( volg-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [vulgus], to spread among the multitude; to make general, common, or universal; to put forth to the world, publish (cf. publico).
    I.
    In gen.:

    morbos,

    Liv. 3, 6, 3:

    contagium in alios,

    Curt. 9, 10, 1:

    rem,

    i. e. to let all share in, Liv. 2, 29, 7:

    librum,

    to publish, Quint. 1, prooem. § 7; Suet. Gram. 8.—

    Mid.: vulgari cum privatis,

    i. e. to confound one's self with, put one's self on a level with, Liv. 3, 35, 6.—
    II.
    In partic.
    A.
    To make known to all by words, to spread abroad, publish, divulge (cf. promulgo): jurgare coepit dicens, quae facis atque in vulgus vulgat, Varr. ap. Non. p. 230, 31:

    vulgare aliquem vulgo,

    Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 44:

    non quod ego vulgari facinus per omnes velim,

    Liv. 28, 27, 10:

    vulgatur rumor duas deesse tabulas,

    id. 3, 34, 7:

    dolorem verbis,

    Verg. A. 10, 64:

    haec atque talia vulgantibus,

    Tac. A. 13, 7.—
    B.
    In mal. part., to make common, mingle, confound, to prostitute:

    ut ferarum prope ritu vulgentur concubitus plebis patrumque,

    Liv. 4, 2, 6:

    vulgato corpore,

    id. 1, 4, 7:

    pretio corpus,

    Aur. Vict. Orig. Gent. Rom. 21.—
    C.
    To name, call ( poet.):

    bosporon hinc veteres errantis nomine divae Vulgavere,

    Val. Fl. 4, 420.—Hence, vulgātus ( volg-), a, um, P. d., general, ordinary, usual, common.
    A.
    In gen.:

    vulgatissimi sensus,

    Quint. 2, 4, 28.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    Commonly or generally known, notorious:

    vulgatior fama est,

    Liv. 1, 7, 2:

    amores,

    Ov. M. 4, 276: aulêtris illa vulgata, Quint. 7, 9, 4:

    illud vulgatum, etc.,

    id. 5, 10, 70; cf. id. 1, 5, 11.—
    2.
    In mal. part., common, public:

    vulgatissimae meretrices,

    Suet. Dom. 22; cf.:

    quis navis umquam in flumine publico tam volgata omnibus quam istius aetas fuit?

    Cic. Har. Resp. 27, 59.— vulgātē ( volg-), notoriously; comp., Amm. 15, 3, 6, and id. 31, 3, 2 init.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > vulgo

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